How To Make Pesto Sauce

Learn how to make pesto for use as a sauce or dip. This Italian condiment adds a burst of fresh flavor to any dish! I've laid out some helpful tips to elevate the taste of a traditional pesto sauce.

Learning how to make pesto from scratch opens up a myriad of recipe ideas to liven up mealtime. Pesto is an essential condiment traditionally made from fresh herbs like basil, ripened Pecorino Romano cheese, pine nuts, and a good quality olive oil. The best part is the recipe can be customized with variations of the base ingredients. However, it's best to know how to properly make the famous Italian sauce first before getting too creative.

Pesto can be the star of the dish when made just right. It may seem easy, just dump, mix, and voila! Although to elevate the flavors, there are some essential tricks to incorporate to create a balanced and full-bodied pesto. These tips will take your green sauce to the next level!

Pesto Ingredients

Pesto recipe ingredients

It starts with selecting ingredients and even more importantly the amounts to make a pesto sauce with the right flavor and consistency.

Herbs – Fresh basil leaves are the primary herb of choice for its robust, aromatic notes and an anise flavor. It's the base of most pestos, however, other greens like spinach, arugula, kale, and parsley have become popular choices. If not using 100% basil, I like to make sure at least 50% of the mix is basil and substitute the remainder with the other greens.
Garlic – Adding pungency to the mix, it brightens the flavor and adds dimension. Although, the sharp bite from the sulfurous compounds may be too intense at times. Toasting whole garlic cloves in the pan can help tame the harshness and the dreaded garlic breath. Use 1 to 2 garlic cloves if keeping raw, 3 if toasting.
Nuts – Pine nuts are the traditional and most expensive choice. Other nut options are walnuts, pecans, and almonds. Sunflower seeds are an excellent nut-free option. The nuts add a little creaminess and interesting texture to the pesto.
Cheese – Freshly grated Pecorino Romano which is a raw sheep's milk cheese adds a pungent and savory flavor, while Parmesan cheese from cow's milk adds a more smooth and nutty flavor.
Oil – Extra-virgin olive oil adds richness and slightly bitter flavor. More mild oils like lighter olive oil, grape seed oil, or avocado oil are also good choices.

The sauce ratio

Here is my pesto base recipe that can be easily modified with different ingredients, but keeping the ratios the same and adjusting to taste:

2 cups herbs/greens
2 to 3 garlic cloves
1/4 cup nuts
1 /2 cup oil
1/4 cup cheese

How to make homemade pesto sauce

Here are some key tips for making a stellar pesto sauce recipe. You can implement them all or just a few and see how the flavors change. It's a neat experiment!

Two side by side photos showing the process of blanching then shocking the green in ice water

Bruise the herbs

Classic pestos are made in a large mortar and pestle, although, lately that technique has been abandoned for quicker tools like a food processor or blender. The taste is still acceptable and cuts down on time so feel free to skip if you absolutely must.

Pounding releases the full flavorful potential of basil leaves, which you can immediately smell. Remember, 70% of what is taste is based on what you smell. To do this, add basil leaves and any other herbs to a large resealable plastic bag and use a rolling pin to pound and bruise before adding to the processor.

Blanch the basil

A great debate is whether basil should be blanched and shocked in cold water before processing. The reason to do this is as soon as basil is cut, the leaves release an enzyme that turns the pesto dark within minutes. To keep bright green, inactivating the enzymes with heat in hot water for 20 seconds and then plunging in ice water stops the cooking process helps to prevent darkening.

The taste may be similar to fresh herbs, but I find that you lose some of those wonderful fresh aromatics. If you're going to consume the pesto right away and you're not worried about appearance, then you can skip this step. One thing to remedy this situation is adding a few tablespoons of Italian Parsley to the pesto, which stays a nice bright green.

pan heating cloves are garlic and pine nuts

Toast

Toasting cloves of garlic has been the ultimate game changer! Spending less than 10 minutes to toast whole in their peel until brown spots appear on the surface does two things; tames the pungency and bitterness, while bringing out the sweetness. It tastes like roasted garlic, making the pesto less aggressive, it's amazing.

Since you already have the pan out, toast the nuts too! The oils in the nuts start to warm, with the aromas becoming more fragrant and strong, which transfers right to the sauce.

Compilation of 4 photos showing how to make pesto using a food processor

Process the ingredients

Add into the food processor or blender the herbs/green, toasted garlic and nuts, and salt.
Process just for a few seconds to initially break down the leaves into smaller pieces.
Scrape down the sides of the bowl or cup as needed.
With the unit running slowly, drizzle in the olive oil until a paste is formed.
Add the cheese and process for a few seconds until just combined.
The pesto should be evenly mixed but not smooth. There should still be small chunks of garlic, nuts, and leaves to give texture to the sauce.
Make sure to taste and season with more salt and pepper!

Once you've made pesto sauce, add it to pasta, on top of eggs, chicken, fish, or serve on the side as a dip. You can even freeze the pesto in ice cube trays, defrost and use anytime!

homemade pesto sauce

How to properly store basil

Fresh basil leaves are delicate and quite a treat to have on hand. To properly store them and extend the shelf life, do not rinse first! Simply wrap the leaves in a damp paper towel, place them in a plastic bag and do not seal. The damp towel keeps them fresh without too much condensation which could cause darkening of the leaves. This should keep them fresh for 3 to 7 days.

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▢ 2 cups basil leaves, packed
▢ 2 tablespoons Italian parsley leaves
▢ 3 cloves garlic, unpeeled
▢ ¼ cup pine nuts, raw
▢ ½ teaspoon kosher salt
▢ ½ cup extra-virgin olive oil
▢ ¼ cup grated pecorino romano cheese
▢ black pepper, as needed for seasoning

Place the basil and parsley in a resealable plastic bag. Use a rolling pin or meat cleaver to lightly bruise the herbs and greens. Transfer to a food processor or blender.
Heat a skillet over medium heat. Toast garlic until the outsides are lightly browned, shaking pan occasionally, about 8 minutes. Peel garlic and add to food processor.
Place pine nuts in the same pan and toast over medium heat, shaking the pan occasionally, 3 to 4 minutes. Transfer to food processor.
Add ½ teaspoon salt to the food processor.
Process pesto by pulsing five times to help break down the basil and garlic.
Turn the food processor to low speed, as its running slowly drizzle in ½ cup olive oil until a smooth pesto with some smaller pieces is formed, about 10 seconds from start to finish.
Add the Pecorino Romano cheese and process on low speed for 5 seconds.
Taste and season with salt and pepper as desired. Transfer pesto to a small bowl.

Skillet

Store in an airtight container, using plastic wrap to cover the surface with no air space and place in the refrigerator for up to 5 days.
Recipe adapted from Cook's Illustrated, The Science of Good Cooking.
Recipe Yield: 1/2 cup
Serving Size: 1 tablespoon
Parmesan cheese can be substituted for Pecorino Romano cheese.
If using basil pesto recipe for pasta, mix in 3 to 4 tablespoons of the hot pasta water to thin out the sauce.
MAKE IT VEGAN OR DAIRY-FREE: Remove the cheese or use vegan cheese.
MAKE IT WHOLE30 OR PALEO: Remove the cheese and use sea salt.

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Nutrition Facts

How To Make Pesto Sauce

Amount Per Serving

Calories 140 Calories from Fat 135

% Daily Value*

Fat 15g 23%

Saturated Fat 2g 10%

Polyunsaturated Fat 1g

Monounsaturated Fat 9g

Cholesterol 1mg 0%

Sodium 86mg 4%

Potassium 6mg 0%

Carbohydrates 2g 1%

Fiber 1g 4%

Sugar 0.1g 0%

Protein 1g 2%

Vitamin C 0.8mg 1%

Calcium 10mg 1%

Iron 0.2mg 1%

* Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000 calorie diet.

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I'm a culinary school graduate, cookbook author, and a mom who loves croissants! My passion is creating recipes and sharing the science behind cooking to help you gain confidence in the kitchen.

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